Saturday, June 29, 2013


St. Jerome (d. 420) wrote short biographies of the Apostles and of many early Christians in his book, "On the Illustrious Men".  Here is a translation of the biographies of St. Peter and St. Paul, as taken from his book:

"Simon Peter, the son of John, of the province of Galilee, of the town of Bethsaida, the Prince of the Apostles, the brother of Andrew the Apostle, went to Rome in the second year of the Emperor Claudius after having been bishop of the Church at Antioch and preaching to those of the circumcision who were of the dispersion in Pontus, Galatia, Cappadocia, Asia, and Bithynia, in order to fight against Simon Magus.  He held the sacerdotal throne there for twenty-five year up to the last year of Nero, his fourteenth year.  Asserting that he was unworthy to be crucified in the same manner as his Lord, he was crucified with his feet raised up and his head towards the earth, and was crowned with martyrdom.  He wrote two epistles, which are called 'Catholic', of which the second is denied to be his by many because it is different in style from the first.  But the Gospel according to Mark is said to be his because Mark was his disciple and interpreter.  A book of his acts, one of a gospel, one of his preaching, one of his revelations, and one of his judgments, are repudiated as among the apocryphal writings.  He is buried in Rome on Vatican Hill near the Triumphal Way, and he is celebrated with veneration throughout the whole world."

"Paul the Apostle, formerly called Saul, was outside the number of the Twelve Apostles.  He was of the tribe of Benjamin from the town of Giscalis in Judea, but when this town was captured by the Romans, he moved with his parents to Tarsus in Cilicia.  For the sake of his studies of the law, he was sent by them to Jerusalem to be taught by the most learned Gamaliel, whom Luke mentions.  He was present at the death of the martyr Stephen and received letters from the high priest of the temple for the persecution of those who believed in Christ, and went to Damascus.  Moved to the Faith by a revelation which is described in the Acts of the Apostles, he was transformed from a persecutor into a 'chosen vessel'.  and when Sergius Paulus, the proconsul of Cyprus, first believed his teaching of the Faith of Christ, he took the name 'Paul' because he had 'conquered' him.  He joined himself to Barnabas and they went to many cities.  Returning to Jerusalem, he was ordained Apostle to the Gentiles by Peter, James, and John.  And because the course of his work is written of so fully in the Acts of the Apostles, let me say only this: Twenty-five years after the Passion of The Lord, that is, in the second year of Nero and when Festus, who succeeded Felix, was procurator in Judea, he was sent in chains to Rome, where he spent the winter under house arrest and disputed daily with the Jews about the coming of Christ.  After his first acquittal, which was confirmed by the rule of Nero, who was not yet bursting forth with terrible crimes, as the histories say of him, the Gospel of Christ was preached by Paul, who had been freed by Nero, even to the western regions.  He writes of this in his second letter to  Timothy, which he dictated when he was suffering in chains: 'In my first trial, no one stood up for me, but everyone deserted me; may it not be reputed against them.  But The Lord stood up for me and consoled me so that his preaching may be completed through me and that all nations may hear it.  And I have been freed from the mouth of the lion' (2 Timothy 4, 16-17).  Very clearly, the 'lion' signifies the cruelty of Nero.  He continues right after this: 'The Lord freed me from every evil and will save me in his heavenly kingdom.'  That is, he knew then that his martyrdom impended.  Earlier in the same letter, he had said: 'Already I am offered up, and the time of my dissolution is at hand' (2 Timothy 4, 6).  He was beheaded for the sake of Christ in Rome in the fourth year of Nero, on the same day as Peter suffered, and he was buried on the Ostian Way, in the thirty-seventh year after the Passion of The Lord.  He wrote nine letters to seven churches: one to the Romans, two to the Corinthians, one to the Galatians, one to the Ephesians, one to the Philippians, one to the Colossians, and two to the Thessalonians.  Besides this, he wrote to his disciples: twice to Timothy, once to Titus, and once to Philemon.  The Epistle sent to the Hebrews is not believed to be his because of a different style and vocabulary.  According to Tertullian, Barnabas wrote it; according to others, Luke or Clement, afterward Bishop of Rome, whom they said was ordered to stylize Paul's own words.  Another idea is that Paul wrote to the Hebrews, but because of their hatred for him, his name was omitted from the beginning of the salutation.  He wrote in Hebrew to the Hebrews.  That is, he wrote in his most clear Hebrew so that that which was written might be eloquently translated into Greek, and this is the reason why it seems to differ in comparison to the other epistles.  Some read a 'Letter to the Laodiceans', but this is rejected by everyone."

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